Ancestry in Columbia County, Arkansas (County)

European and African Ancestry#1

Self-reported anscestry as a percentage of the total population; more than one answer per person permitted.
Scope: population of Arkansas and Columbia County
Columbia County
Arkansas
0%10%20%30%40%CountOther1Unclassified2AmericanIrishEnglishGermanFrenchScotch-IrishScottishItalianDutchEuropean44.832009%37.322703%44.832009%44.8%10,83510.8k22.955975%24.309847%22.955975%23.0%5,54813.629593%11.033218%13.629593%13.6%3,2949.313969%10.630958%9.313969%9.3%2,2517.402350%9.189442%7.402350%7.4%1,7895.085237%10.665992%5.085237%5.1%1,2291.506124%1.872580%1.506124%1.5%3641.295101%1.258324%1.295101%1.3%3131.042701%1.692554%1.042701%1.0%2521.009599%1.568181%1.009599%1.0%2440.918570%1.356590%0.918570%0.9%2220.587554%1.538637%0.587554%0.6%142

Hispanic Ancestry#2

Self-reported Hispanic anscestry as a percentage of the Hispanic population.
Scope: population of Arkansas and Columbia County
Columbia County
Arkansas
0%20%40%60%80%Count%MexicanCentral AmericanHonduranOther HispanicSouth AmericanVenezuelan84.168013%74.482369%84.168013%84.2%5212.156%2.16%9.693053%14.749649%9.693053%9.7%600.248%0.25%9.693053%1.567262%9.693053%9.7%600.248%0.25%5.331179%4.608088%5.331179%5.3%330.137%0.14%0.807754%2.156494%0.807754%0.8%50.021%0.02%0.807754%0.113500%0.807754%0.8%50.021%0.02%

Asian Ancestry#3

Self-reported Asian anscestry as a percentage of the Asian population.
Scope: population of Arkansas and Columbia County
Columbia County
Arkansas
0%10%20%30%40%50%Count%CambodianVietnameseMalaysianChineseNepaleseIndian55.859375%1.439611%55.859375%55.9%1430.592%0.59%12.500000%13.247791%12.500000%12.5%320.132%0.13%11.328125%0.300922%11.328125%11.3%290.120%0.12%8.203125%15.397578%8.203125%8.2%210.087%0.09%7.031250%0.284070%7.031250%7.0%180.074%0.07%5.078125%25.491707%5.078125%5.1%130.054%0.05%

Map of Ancestry by County Subdivision in Columbia County

American Ancestry by County Subdivision#4

Percentage of the population reporting 'American' ancestry (%):
11.2%15.2%19.2%23.1%27.1%31.1%

Irish Ancestry by County Subdivision#5

Percentage of the population reporting 'Irish' ancestry (%):
4.6%6.3%8.0%9.6%11.3%13.0%

English Ancestry by County Subdivision#6

Percentage of the population reporting 'English' ancestry (%):
4.7%6.9%9.1%11.3%13.4%15.7%

German Ancestry by County Subdivision#7

Percentage of the population reporting 'German' ancestry (%):
1.6%4.0%6.3%8.6%11.0%13.3%

French Ancestry by County Subdivision#8

Percentage of the population reporting 'French' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.43%0.87%1.30%1.74%2.18%

Scotch-Irish Ancestry by County Subdivision#9

Percentage of the population reporting 'Scotch-Irish' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.31%0.63%0.94%1.25%1.57%

Scottish Ancestry by County Subdivision#10

Percentage of the population reporting 'Scottish' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.38%0.77%1.15%1.53%1.92%

Italian Ancestry by County Subdivision#11

Percentage of the population reporting 'Italian' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.26%0.53%0.79%1.05%1.32%

Dutch Ancestry by County Subdivision#12

Percentage of the population reporting 'Dutch' ancestry (%):
0.0%0.9%1.8%2.8%3.7%4.6%

European Ancestry by County Subdivision#13

Percentage of the population reporting 'European' ancestry (%):
0.0%0.6%1.3%1.9%2.5%3.2%

Subsaharan African Ancestry by County Subdivision#14

Percentage of the population reporting 'Subsaharan African' ancestry (%):
0.0%1.0%2.0%3.0%4.1%5.1%

Welsh Ancestry by County Subdivision#15

Percentage of the population reporting 'Welsh' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.10%0.20%0.30%0.40%0.50%

African Ancestry by County Subdivision#16

Percentage of the population reporting ' African' ancestry (%):
0.0%1.0%2.0%3.0%4.1%5.1%

Russian Ancestry by County Subdivision#17

Percentage of the population reporting 'Russian' ancestry (%):
0.0%0.9%1.9%2.8%3.7%4.7%

Polish Ancestry by County Subdivision#18

Percentage of the population reporting 'Polish' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.27%0.55%0.82%1.10%1.37%

Mexican Ancestry by County Subdivision#19

Percentage of the population reporting ' Mexican' ancestry (%):
0.0%2.0%4.1%6.1%8.1%10.2%

Central American Ancestry by County Subdivision#20

Percentage of the population reporting ' Central American' ancestry (%):
0.0%1.6%3.3%4.9%6.6%8.3%

Honduran Ancestry by County Subdivision#21

Percentage of the population reporting ' Honduran' ancestry (%):
0.0%1.6%3.3%4.9%6.6%8.3%

South American Ancestry by County Subdivision#22

Percentage of the population reporting ' South American' ancestry (%):
0.000%0.006%0.012%0.018%0.024%0.031%

Venezuelan Ancestry by County Subdivision#23

Percentage of the population reporting ' Venezuelan' ancestry (%):
0.000%0.006%0.012%0.018%0.024%0.031%

Cambodian Ancestry by County Subdivision#24

Percentage of the population reporting 'Cambodian' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.17%0.35%0.52%0.70%0.88%

Vietnamese Ancestry by County Subdivision#25

Percentage of the population reporting 'Vietnamese' ancestry (%):
0.000%0.039%0.078%0.117%0.156%0.196%

Malaysian Ancestry by County Subdivision#26

Percentage of the population reporting 'Malaysian' ancestry (%):
0.000%0.035%0.071%0.106%0.142%0.178%

Chinese Ancestry by County Subdivision#27

Percentage of the population reporting 'Chinese' ancestry (%):
0.000%0.026%0.051%0.077%0.103%0.129%

Nepalese Ancestry by County Subdivision#28

Percentage of the population reporting 'Nepalese' ancestry (%):
0.000%0.022%0.044%0.066%0.088%0.110%
Road Data ©OpenStreetMap

Loading...

Failed to load :-(

Map of Ancestry by Tract in Columbia County

American Ancestry by Tract#29

Percentage of the population reporting 'American' ancestry (%):
10.0%12.1%14.2%16.3%18.4%20.5%

Irish Ancestry by Tract#30

Percentage of the population reporting 'Irish' ancestry (%):
2.2%5.3%8.4%11.5%14.6%17.7%

English Ancestry by Tract#31

Percentage of the population reporting 'English' ancestry (%):
3.2%4.6%5.9%7.3%8.7%10.1%

German Ancestry by Tract#32

Percentage of the population reporting 'German' ancestry (%):
1.8%2.9%4.0%5.0%6.1%7.3%

French Ancestry by Tract#33

Percentage of the population reporting 'French' ancestry (%):
0.70%1.00%1.28%1.57%1.86%2.15%

Scotch-Irish Ancestry by Tract#34

Percentage of the population reporting 'Scotch-Irish' ancestry (%):
0.2%1.0%1.7%2.4%3.0%3.8%

Scottish Ancestry by Tract#35

Percentage of the population reporting 'Scottish' ancestry (%):
0.29%0.69%1.09%1.48%1.87%2.27%

Italian Ancestry by Tract#36

Percentage of the population reporting 'Italian' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.38%0.76%1.15%1.53%1.91%

Dutch Ancestry by Tract#37

Percentage of the population reporting 'Dutch' ancestry (%):
0.48%0.69%0.90%1.12%1.33%1.54%

European Ancestry by Tract#38

Percentage of the population reporting 'European' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.25%0.50%0.74%0.99%1.24%

Subsaharan African Ancestry by Tract#39

Percentage of the population reporting 'Subsaharan African' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.30%0.60%0.90%1.20%1.50%

Welsh Ancestry by Tract#40

Percentage of the population reporting 'Welsh' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.37%0.73%1.10%1.47%1.84%

African Ancestry by Tract#41

Percentage of the population reporting ' African' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.30%0.60%0.90%1.20%1.50%

Russian Ancestry by Tract#42

Percentage of the population reporting 'Russian' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.18%0.37%0.55%0.73%0.92%

Polish Ancestry by Tract#43

Percentage of the population reporting 'Polish' ancestry (%):
0.067%0.106%0.144%0.183%0.221%0.260%

Mexican Ancestry by Tract#44

Percentage of the population reporting ' Mexican' ancestry (%):
0.0%1.1%2.2%3.4%4.5%5.6%

Central American Ancestry by Tract#45

Percentage of the population reporting ' Central American' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.30%0.59%0.89%1.19%1.49%

Honduran Ancestry by Tract#46

Percentage of the population reporting ' Honduran' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.30%0.59%0.89%1.19%1.49%

South American Ancestry by Tract#47

Percentage of the population reporting ' South American' ancestry (%):
0.000%0.014%0.028%0.042%0.056%0.071%

Venezuelan Ancestry by Tract#48

Percentage of the population reporting ' Venezuelan' ancestry (%):
0.000%0.014%0.028%0.042%0.056%0.071%

Cambodian Ancestry by Tract#49

Percentage of the population reporting 'Cambodian' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.40%0.80%1.20%1.61%2.01%

Vietnamese Ancestry by Tract#50

Percentage of the population reporting 'Vietnamese' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.09%0.18%0.27%0.36%0.45%

Malaysian Ancestry by Tract#51

Percentage of the population reporting 'Malaysian' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.08%0.16%0.24%0.33%0.41%

Chinese Ancestry by Tract#52

Percentage of the population reporting 'Chinese' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.06%0.12%0.18%0.24%0.30%

Nepalese Ancestry by Tract#53

Percentage of the population reporting 'Nepalese' ancestry (%):
0.00%0.05%0.10%0.15%0.20%0.26%
Road Data ©OpenStreetMap

Loading...

Failed to load :-(

Ancestry by Place in Columbia County

There are 5 places in Columbia County. This section compares all 5 of those to each other, Columbia County, and other entities that contain or substantially overlap with Columbia County.

American Ancestry by Place#54

Percentage of the total population.
Scope: population of Columbia County, selected places in Columbia County, and entities that contain Columbia County
0%10%20%Count#EmersonTaylorWaldoMagnolia Metro AreaMagnolia AreaColumbia CountyColumbiaMagnoliaArkansasMcNeilSouthWest South CentralUnited States of AmericaUnited States29.354839%29.354839%29.4%91124.142661%24.142661%24.1%176217.434444%17.434444%17.4%246313.629593%13.629593%13.6%3,29413.629593%13.629593%13.6%3,29411.063428%11.063428%11.1%1,289411.033218%11.033218%11.0%327,518328k10.602410%10.602410%10.6%4459.866536%9.866536%9.9%11,815,74211.8M6.928805%6.928805%6.9%2,663,8602.66M6.893915%6.893915%6.9%21,961,12922.0M

Ancestry by County Subdivision in Columbia County

There are 6 county subdivisions in Columbia County. This section compares all 6 of those to each other, Columbia County, and other entities that contain or substantially overlap with Columbia County.

American Ancestry by County Subdivision#79

Percentage of the total population.
Scope: population of Columbia County, selected county subdivisions in Columbia County, and entities that contain Columbia County
0%10%20%30%Count#Taylor TownshipTaylorWaldo TownshipWaldoEmerson TownshipEmersonMagnolia Metro AreaMagnolia AreaColumbia CountyColumbiaMcNeil TownshipMcNeilVillage TownshipVlgMagnolia TownshipMagnoliaArkansasSouthWest South CentralUnited States of AmericaUnited States31.004657%31.004657%31.0%466119.558233%19.558233%19.6%487214.571429%14.571429%14.6%255313.629593%13.629593%13.6%3,29413.629593%13.629593%13.6%3,29411.978772%11.978772%12.0%158411.506849%11.506849%11.5%84511.260381%11.260381%11.3%1,844611.033218%11.033218%11.0%327,518328k9.866536%9.866536%9.9%11,815,74211.8M6.928805%6.928805%6.9%2,663,8602.66M6.893915%6.893915%6.9%21,961,12922.0M

Ancestry by County in Arkansas

There are 75 counties in Arkansas. This section compares Columbia County to the 50 most populous counties in Arkansas and to those entities that contain or substantially overlap with Columbia County. The least populous of the compared counties has a population of 15,761.

American Ancestry by County#104

Percentage of the total population.
Scope: population of Columbia County, selected other counties in Arkansas, and entities that contain Columbia County
0%5%10%15%20%Count#Johnson CountyJohnsonPope CountyPopeJackson CountyJacksonConway CountyConwayUnion CountyUnionLawrence CountyLawrenceMadison CountyMadisonVan Buren CountyVan BurenRandolph CountyRandolphPoinsett CountyPoinsettFranklin CountyFranklinCraighead CountyCraigheadSharp CountySharpGreene CountyGreeneIndependence CountyIndependenceLogan CountyLoganMagnolia Metro AreaMagnolia AreaColumbia CountyColumbiaCrawford CountyCrawfordDrew CountyDrewWhite CountyWhiteCleburne CountyCleburneSaline CountySalineGrant CountyGrantLonoke CountyLonokeBoone CountyBooneCross CountyCrossOuachita CountyOuachitaHot Spring CountyHot SpringAshley CountyAshleyArkansasPolk CountyPolkSebastian CountySebastianBaxter CountyBaxterYell CountyYellSouthMississippi CountyMississippiGarland CountyGarlandFaulkner CountyFaulknerArkansas CountyArkansasMarion CountyMarionMiller CountyMillerCarroll CountyCarrollSevier CountySevierWashington CountyWashingtonBenton CountyBentonHempstead CountyHempsteadCrittenden CountyCrittendenWest South CentralUnited States of AmericaUnited StatesPulaski CountyPulaskiClark CountyClarkJefferson CountyJeffersonSt. Francis CountySt. FrancisPhillips CountyPhillips24.960615%24.960615%25.0%6,496124.450536%24.450536%24.5%15,43015.4k224.441269%24.441269%24.4%4,276324.159544%24.159544%24.2%5,088424.059106%24.059106%24.1%9,704523.789536%23.789536%23.8%4,024622.308229%22.308229%22.3%3,516720.743547%20.743547%20.7%3,504820.075068%20.075068%20.1%3,530918.842982%18.842982%18.8%4,5471017.534693%17.534693%17.5%3,1211116.832549%16.832549%16.8%17,31817.3k1216.344629%16.344629%16.3%2,7831315.284032%15.284032%15.3%6,6861415.274102%15.274102%15.3%5,6561514.652382%14.652382%14.7%3,2141613.629593%13.629593%13.6%3,29413.629593%13.629593%13.6%3,2941713.515914%13.515914%13.5%8,3701812.805009%12.805009%12.8%2,3931912.625756%12.625756%12.6%9,9522012.561066%12.561066%12.6%3,2142111.999792%11.999792%12.0%13,86913.9k2211.991577%11.991577%12.0%2,1642311.958641%11.958641%12.0%8,5242411.801292%11.801292%11.8%4,4022511.777944%11.777944%11.8%2,0412611.723552%11.723552%11.7%2,8992711.522129%11.522129%11.5%3,8532811.105817%11.105817%11.1%2,3312911.033218%11.033218%11.0%327,518328k10.719566%10.719566%10.7%2,1753010.346994%10.346994%10.3%13,17713.2k3110.319087%10.319087%10.3%4,2303210.034076%10.034076%10.0%2,179339.866536%9.866536%9.9%11,815,74211.8M9.823752%9.823752%9.8%4,342349.809615%9.809615%9.8%9,527359.687170%9.687170%9.7%11,66511.7k369.225053%9.225053%9.2%1,713379.192880%9.192880%9.2%1,508388.915403%8.915403%8.9%3,893398.710726%8.710726%8.7%2,412408.561624%8.561624%8.6%1,472417.610149%7.610149%7.6%16,73716.7k427.347766%7.347766%7.3%18,01918.0k436.979467%6.979467%7.0%1,550446.954010%6.954010%7.0%3,443456.928805%6.928805%6.9%2,663,8602.66M6.893915%6.893915%6.9%21,961,12922.0M6.884274%6.884274%6.9%26,97327.0k466.872686%6.872686%6.9%1,559476.394971%6.394971%6.4%4,629485.217777%5.217777%5.2%1,410494.094536%4.094536%4.1%81650

Ancestry by County in the United States

There are 3,142 counties in the United States. This section compares Columbia County to the 50 most populous counties in the United States and to those entities that contain or substantially overlap with Columbia County. The least populous of the compared counties has a population of 941,618.

American Ancestry by County#129

Percentage of the total population.
Scope: population of Columbia County, selected other counties in the United States, and entities that contain Columbia County
0%5%10%Count#Magnolia Metro AreaMagnolia AreaColumbia CountyColumbiaArkansasWake CountyWakeSouthOrange CountyOrangeBroward CountyBrowardHillsborough CountyHillsboroughTarrant CountyTarrantWest South CentralUnited States of AmericaUnited StatesPalm Beach CountyPalm BeachFulton CountyFultonSt. Louis CountySt. LouisKings CountyKingsNew York CountyNew YorkWayne CountyWayneMecklenburg CountyMecklenburgFranklin CountyFranklinWestchester CountyWestchesterMaricopa CountyMaricopaOrange CountyOrangeOakland CountyOaklandMiami-Dade CountyMiami-DadeSalt Lake CountySalt LakeFairfield CountyFairfieldFairfax CountyFairfaxNassau CountyNassauSan Bernardino CountySan BernardinoHarris CountyHarrisSuffolk CountySuffolkDallas CountyDallasClark CountyClarkQueens CountyQueensTravis CountyTravisMontgomery CountyMontgomeryMiddlesex CountyMiddlesexAllegheny CountyAlleghenyRiverside CountyRiversideKing CountyKingPima CountyPimaBexar CountyBexarContra Costa CountyContra CostaSacramento CountySacramentoCuyahoga CountyCuyahogaHennepin CountyHennepinSan Diego CountySan DiegoLos Angeles CountyLos AngelesBronx CountyBronxCook CountyCookAlameda CountyAlamedaPhiladelphia CountyPhiladelphiaSanta Clara CountySanta ClaraFresno CountyFresnoMilwaukee CountyMilwaukeeHonolulu CountyHonolulu13.629593%13.629593%13.6%3,29413.629593%13.629593%13.6%3,29411.033218%11.033218%11.0%327,518328k10.156563%10.156563%10.2%101,421101k19.866536%9.866536%9.9%11,815,74211.8M8.155614%8.155614%8.2%102,439102k27.823938%7.823938%7.8%145,821146k37.637981%7.637981%7.6%101,055101k47.031218%7.031218%7.0%136,935137k56.928805%6.928805%6.9%2,663,8602.66M6.893915%6.893915%6.9%21,961,12922.0M6.378735%6.378735%6.4%89,22389.2k66.370760%6.370760%6.4%63,50163.5k76.113377%6.113377%6.1%61,16861.2k85.974064%5.974064%6.0%155,735156k95.728051%5.728051%5.7%93,65393.7k105.714890%5.714890%5.7%101,016101k115.314922%5.314922%5.3%53,77553.8k125.137576%5.137576%5.1%63,30163.3k134.960541%4.960541%5.0%48,07948.1k144.887773%4.887773%4.9%199,839200k154.862795%4.862795%4.9%152,313152k164.770991%4.770991%4.8%58,93258.9k174.709734%4.709734%4.7%125,487125k184.685323%4.685323%4.7%51,18851.2k194.678012%4.678012%4.7%44,04944.0k204.638062%4.638062%4.6%52,54452.5k214.546724%4.546724%4.5%61,69061.7k224.512534%4.512534%4.5%95,06895.1k234.371330%4.371330%4.4%193,836194k244.018276%4.018276%4.0%60,19960.2k253.878946%3.878946%3.9%97,48097.5k263.865656%3.865656%3.9%80,02580.0k273.856735%3.856735%3.9%89,09189.1k283.843139%3.843139%3.8%44,12644.1k293.691745%3.691745%3.7%37,89137.9k303.659711%3.659711%3.7%57,37057.4k313.608456%3.608456%3.6%44,39744.4k323.556491%3.556491%3.6%82,64982.6k333.356447%3.356447%3.4%69,79969.8k343.343639%3.343639%3.3%33,54833.5k353.328403%3.328403%3.3%61,86561.9k363.112846%3.112846%3.1%34,48834.5k373.057662%3.057662%3.1%45,23245.2k382.940232%2.940232%2.9%37,00937.0k392.890268%2.890268%2.9%34,95135.0k402.881086%2.881086%2.9%93,73293.7k412.874173%2.874173%2.9%289,060289k422.745783%2.745783%2.7%39,45139.5k432.356465%2.356465%2.4%123,186123k442.266423%2.266423%2.3%36,38136.4k452.249961%2.249961%2.2%35,09835.1k461.952674%1.952674%2.0%36,80936.8k471.841439%1.841439%1.8%17,73617.7k481.756715%1.756715%1.8%16,78216.8k491.412767%1.412767%1.4%13,94413.9k50

Definitions

This page discusses the self-reported ancestry of the residents of Columbia County. Respondents were not limited to one ancestry, so if a person reported both English and German, then they would be counted in both categories. Consequently, the sum of the counts over all the ancestries most often exceeds the total population of the entity. Asian and Hispanic ancestry is reported separately from European, Middle Eastern, and Subsaharan African ancestry. A full list of all possible categories is as follows:

  • European, Middle Eastern, and Subsaharan African Ancestries: Afghan, Albanian, Alsatian, American, Arab, Egyptian, Iraqi, Jordanian, Lebanese, Moroccan, Palestinian, Syrian, Arab, Other Arab, Armenian, Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac, Australian, Austrian, Basque, Belgian, Brazilian, British, Bulgarian, Cajun, Canadian, Carpatho Rusyn, Celtic, Croatian, Cypriot, Czech, Czechoslovakian, Danish, Dutch, Eastern European, English, Estonian, European, Finnish, French, French Canadian, German, German Russian, Greek, Guyanese, Hungarian, Icelander, Iranian, Irish, Israeli, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Luxemburger, Macedonian, Maltese, New Zealander, Northern European, Norwegian, Pennsylvania German, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Scandinavian, Scotch-Irish, Scottish, Serbian, Slavic, Slovak, Slovene, Soviet Union, Subsaharan African, Cape Verdean, Ethiopian, Ghanaian, Kenyan, Liberian, Nigerian, Senegalese, Sierra Leonean, Somali, South African, Sudanese, Ugandan, Zimbabwean, African, Other, Swedish, Swiss, Turkish, Ukrainian, Welsh, West Indian, Bahamian, Barbadian, Belizean, Bermudan, British West Indian, Dutch West Indian, Haitian, Jamaican, Trinidadian and Tobagonian, U.S. Virgin Islander, West Indian, Other West Indian, Yugoslavian, Other, and Unclassified
  • Asian Ancestries: Indian, Bangladeshi, Bhutanese, Burmese, Cambodian, Chinese, Filipino, Hmong, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Laotian, Malaysian, Mongolian, Nepalese, Okinawan, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Taiwanese, Thai, Vietnamese, Other, Not Specified, and Mixed
  • Hispanic Ancestries: Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Central American, Costa Rican, Guatemalan, Honduran, Nicaraguan, Panamanian, Salvadoran, Other Central American, South American, Argentinean, Bolivian, Chilean, Colombian, Ecuadorian, Paraguayan, Peruvian, Uruguayan, Venezuelan, Other South American, Other Hispanic, Spaniard, Spanish, and Spanish American

For additional information about the data presented on this site, including our sources, please see the About Page.

More Topics to Explore

More Maps to Explore

Principal City:

Towns:

ZIP Codes:

Congressional District:

State Senate District:

State House Districts:

Neighboring Counties:

Neighboring Parishes:

Nearby Counties:

Nearby Parishes: