Educational Attainment in Tract 010701, Clinton County, Michigan (Tract)

Educational Attainment#1

Highest level of education among people aged 25 years and older.
Scope: population of Clinton County and Tract 010701
Tract 010701
Clinton County
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%CountHigher Degree1H.S. Diploma2No H.S. Diploma229.316770%41.319298%29.316770%29.3%47263.105590%52.368512%63.105590%63.1%1,0167.577640%6.312190%7.577640%7.6%122

Relative Educational Attainment#2

Highest level of education among people aged 25 years and older, as percentage more or less than Clinton County at large.
Scope: population of Clinton County and Tract 010701
-20%0%+20%%ref.Higher Degree1H.S. Diploma2No H.S. Diploma2-29.048237%-29.048237%-29.0%29.317%29.3%41.319%41.3%20.502927%20.502927%+20.5%63.106%63.1%52.369%52.4%20.047709%20.047709%+20.0%7.578%7.58%6.312%6.31%

Detailed Educational Attainment#3

Highest level of education among people aged 25 years and older.
Scope: population of Clinton County and Tract 010701
Tract 010701
Clinton County
0%10%20%30%CountDoctorate1Professional1Master's1Bachelor's1Associate's1Some CollegeHigh School2Some H.S.3Less than H.S.3None0.310559%1.525222%0.310559%0.3%51.304348%2.016981%1.304348%1.3%215.590062%7.326444%5.590062%5.6%9010.000000%19.843252%10.000000%10.0%16112.111801%10.607399%12.111801%12.1%19528.074534%24.401629%28.074534%28.1%45235.031056%27.966883%35.031056%35.0%5646.397516%4.727419%6.397516%6.4%1031.118012%1.073802%1.118012%1.1%180.062112%0.510969%0.062112%0.1%1

Detailed Relative Educational Attainment#4

Highest level of education among people aged 25 years and older, as percentage more or less than Clinton County at large.
Scope: population of Clinton County and Tract 010701
-50%0%+50%%ref.Doctorate1Professional1Master's1Bachelor's1Associate's1Some CollegeHigh School2Some H.S.3Less than H.S.3None-79.638437%-79.638437%-79.6%0.311%0.31%1.525%1.53%-35.331677%-35.331677%-35.3%1.304%1.30%2.017%2.02%-23.700196%-23.700196%-23.7%5.590%5.59%7.326%7.33%-49.605034%-49.605034%-49.6%10.000%10.0%19.843%19.8%14.182570%14.182570%+14.2%12.112%12.1%10.607%10.6%15.051885%15.051885%+15.1%28.075%28.1%24.402%24.4%25.259064%25.259064%+25.3%35.031%35.0%27.967%28.0%35.327860%35.327860%+35.3%6.398%6.40%4.727%4.73%4.117157%4.117157%+4.1%1.118%1.12%1.074%1.07%-87.844300%-87.844300%-87.8%0.062%0.06%0.511%0.51%

Educational Attainment Sex Ratio#5

Percentage more likely men or women are to have various highest levels of education among people aged 25 years and older.
Scope: population of Clinton County and Tract 010701
More Females More Males
Clinton County
Tract 010701
20%0%20%FMHigher Degree1H.S. Diploma2No H.S. Diploma2-27.167463%-5.320704%-27.167463%27%32.624%32.6%25.654%25.7%13.379988%0.072209%13.379988%13%59.338%59.3%67.277%67.3%-13.720340%-13.720340%14%39.754096%8.038%8.04%7.068%7.07%

Detailed Educational Attainment Sex Ratio#6

Percentage more likely men or women are to have various highest levels of education among people aged 25 years and older.
Scope: population of Clinton County and Tract 010701
More Females More Males
Clinton County
Tract 010701
1k%0k%1k%FMDoctorate1Professional1Master's1Bachelor's1Associate's1Some CollegeHigh School2Some H.S.3Less than H.S.3None1,000.000000%17.062580%1,000.000000%> 1000%0.000%0%0.654%0.65%-46.749409%-46.749409%0k%125.733602%1.537%1.54%1.047%1.05%-134.799054%-37.065651%-134.799054%0k%7.683%7.68%3.272%3.27%-147.820111%-4.343504%-147.820111%0k%13.948%13.9%5.628%5.63%-8.133793%59.178665%59.178665%0k%9.456%9.46%15.052%15.1%12.710359%1.923524%12.710359%0k%26.478%26.5%29.843%29.8%-1.539630%13.919545%13.919545%0k%32.861%32.9%37.435%37.4%-3.477147%-3.477147%0k%39.175223%6.501%6.50%6.283%6.28%-80.614657%-80.614657%0k%16.823742%1.418%1.42%0.785%0.79%-1,000.000000%-1,000.000000%> 1000%116.652365%0.118%0.12%0.000%0%

Bachelor's Degrees By Age#7

Percentage of age cohort whose highest degree is a Bachelor's.
Scope: population of Clinton County and Tract 010701
Tract 010701
Clinton County
0%5%10%15%20%25%B.X.Total65+45-6435-4425-344.712042%10.726585%4.712042%4.7%183828.525034%18.405543%8.525034%8.5%6373911.224490%28.348910%11.224490%11.2%2219619.795222%26.958338%19.795222%19.8%58293

Relative Bachelor's Degrees By Age#8

Percentage of population whose highest degree is a Bachelor's, as a percentage more or less than Clinton County at large.
Scope: population of Clinton County and Tract 010701
60%50%40%30%20%10%0%%ref.65+45-6435-4425-34-56.071371%-56.071371%56.1%4.712%4.71%10.727%10.7%-53.682247%-53.682247%53.7%8.525%8.53%18.406%18.4%-60.405921%-60.405921%60.4%11.224%11.2%28.349%28.3%-26.571060%-26.571060%26.6%19.795%19.8%26.958%27.0%

Bachelor's Degrees Sex Ratio By Age#9

Percentage more likely men or women are to have their highest degree be a Bachelor's.
Scope: population of Clinton County and Tract 010701
More Females More Males
Clinton County
Tract 010701
1,000%500%0%FM65+45-6435-4425-34-4.278075%-4.278075%4.3%53.301818%4.813%4.81%4.615%4.62%-48.728157%-12.249727%-48.728157%48.7%9.976%9.98%6.707%6.71%-1,000.000000%-6.036245%-1,000.000000%> 1000%22.917%22.9%0.000%0%-255.592105%-23.108980%-255.592105%255.6%30.263%30.3%8.511%8.51%

Median Earnings by Educational Attainment#10

Among population 25 years old and over with earnings.
Scope: population of Clinton County and Tract 010701
Tract 010701
Clinton County
$0k$20k$40k$60kCount%Graduate Degree1Bachelor's DegreeSome CollegeH.S. Diploma2No H.S. Diploma2Total$64,500.000000$65,882.000000$64,500.000000$64.5k1167.205%7.20%$41,125.000000$54,407.000000$41,125.000000$41.1k16110.000%10.0%$36,250.000000$36,786.000000$36,250.000000$36.3k64740.186%40.2%$31,375.000000$31,111.000000$31,375.000000$31.4k56435.031%35.0%$10,625.000000$19,708.000000$10,625.000000$10.6k1227.578%7.58%$36,830.000000$41,366.000000$36,830.000000$36.8k1,610100.000%100%

Median Earnings by Educational Attainment#11

By sex among population 25 years old and over with earnings.
Scope: population of Clinton County and Tract 010701
Female Male
Clinton County
Tract 010701
Shaded bar tips show excess over facing bar.
$50k$0k$50kFMGraduate Degree1Some CollegeH.S. Diploma2Total$-64,000.000000$-1,625.000000$-60,212.000000$-65,625.000000$65.6k$64,000.000000$60,212.000000$16,601.000000$64,000.000000$64.0k7838$-31,563.000000$-30,987.000000$-31,563.000000$31.6k$31,563.000000$5,706.000000$30,987.000000$11,990.000000$37,269.000000$37.3k304343$-17,014.000000$-22,395.000000$-17,014.000000$17.0k$17,014.000000$25,486.000000$22,395.000000$14,480.000000$42,500.000000$42.5k278286$-31,731.000000$-35,367.000000$-31,731.000000$31.7k$31,731.000000$9,195.000000$35,367.000000$12,795.000000$40,926.000000$40.9k846764

Employment by Educational Attainment#12

Percentage of population that is employed by highest level of educational attainment among the population aged 25 to 64 years old.
Scope: population of Clinton County and Tract 010701
Tract 010701
Clinton County
0%20%40%60%80%CountBachelor's Degree1Some College2H.S. Diploma3No H.S. Diploma387.450980%84.495780%87.450980%87.5%22374.081238%74.633626%74.081238%74.1%38375.132275%68.577887%75.132275%75.1%28432.051282%47.924330%32.051282%32.1%25

Lacking High School Diploma By Race#13

Percent of racial or ethnic group lacking a high school diploma (or equivalent).
Scope: population of Clinton County and Tract 010701
Female Male
Clinton County
Tract 010701
Shaded bar tips show excess over facing bar.
10%5%0%5%10%MFWhite1Hispanic2Other1-7.531381%-0.874058%-4.991601%-8.405439%8.4%7.531381%4.991601%2.010903%7.531381%7.5%5468-0.000000%-10.389610%-2.260190%0.000000%0.0%0.000000%0.000000%10.389610%0.000000%0.0%00-0.000000%-7.474747%0.000000%0.0%0.000000%0.000000%7.474747%4.557338%0.000000%0.0%00

College Graduates By Race#14

Percent of racial or ethnic group with a bachelor's degree or higher.
Scope: population of Clinton County and Tract 010701
Female Male
Clinton County
Tract 010701
Shaded bar tips show excess over facing bar.
30%20%10%0%10%20%30%MFWhite1Hispanic2Other1-11.297071%-12.065104%-30.289012%-0.908492%-23.362176%23.4%11.297071%30.289012%11.297071%11.3%81189-0.000000%-13.695396%-4.413792%0.000000%0.0%0.000000%0.000000%13.695396%0.000000%0.0%00-0.000000%-10.000000%-25.668449%-5.240642%-10.000000%10.0%0.000000%25.668449%0.000000%0.0%01

Educational Attainment by Tract in Clinton County

There are 22 tracts in Clinton County. This section compares Tract 010701 to all of the tracts in Clinton County and to those entities that contain or substantially overlap with Tract 010701.

No H.S. Diploma by Tract#15

Percent of population 25 years of age and older without a high school diploma (or equivalent).
Scope: population of Tract 010701, selected other tracts in Clinton County, and entities that contain Tract 010701
0%10%20%Count#010203Tract 010203United States of AmericaUnited States010801Tract 010801010201Tract 010201East North CentralMidwestMichigan011001Tract 011001010702Tract 010702010901Tract 010901Greenbush TownshipGreenbush010701Tract 010701Lansing and East Lansing Metro AreaLansing Area010802Tract 010802010107Tract 010107010600Tract 010600Clinton CountyClinton010104Tract 010104011002Tract 011002011104Tract 011104010400Tract 010400010902Tract 010902010204Tract 010204010500Tract 010500010108Tract 010108010300Tract 010300011101Tract 011101010105Tract 010105011200Tract 01120029.530819%29.530819%29.5%321113.020590%13.020590%13.0%27,818,38027.8M12.209094%12.209094%12.2%341211.174785%11.174785%11.2%195310.719464%10.719464%10.7%3,363,7843.36M10.244520%10.244520%10.2%4,641,8354.64M10.122386%10.122386%10.1%676,467676k9.273743%9.273743%9.3%24948.297743%8.297743%8.3%13657.971014%7.971014%8.0%16567.577640%7.577640%7.6%1227.577640%7.577640%7.6%12277.102978%7.102978%7.1%21,11921.1k6.994106%6.994106%7.0%17886.953773%6.953773%7.0%17696.530380%6.530380%6.5%115106.312190%6.312190%6.3%3,2866.218024%6.218024%6.2%158115.340557%5.340557%5.3%138124.922280%4.922280%4.9%209134.542905%4.542905%4.5%162144.046957%4.046957%4.0%131153.984064%3.984064%4.0%50163.939009%3.939009%3.9%93173.407881%3.407881%3.4%96183.245492%3.245492%3.2%117192.803738%2.803738%2.8%81202.427852%2.427852%2.4%53210.000000%0.000000%0.0%022

Bachelor's Degrees by Tract#16

Percent of population 25 years of age and older with a bachelor's degree or higher..
Scope: population of Tract 010701, selected other tracts in Clinton County, and entities that contain Tract 010701
0%20%40%Count#011200Tract 011200010108Tract 010108010105Tract 010105011104Tract 011104010107Tract 010107010300Tract 010300011101Tract 011101010104Tract 010104Lansing and East Lansing Metro AreaLansing AreaClinton CountyClintonUnited States of AmericaUnited States010802Tract 010802Midwest011002Tract 011002East North Central010902Tract 010902Michigan010400Tract 010400010201Tract 010201010204Tract 010204010801Tract 010801010500Tract 010500Greenbush TownshipGreenbush010701Tract 010701010600Tract 010600010901Tract 010901011001Tract 011001010702Tract 010702010203Tract 01020358.116883%58.116883%58.1%179156.656017%56.656017%56.7%1,596255.428310%55.428310%55.4%1,210346.773434%46.773434%46.8%1,986440.695377%40.695377%40.7%1,030538.307906%38.307906%38.3%1,381637.279335%37.279335%37.3%1,077735.930736%35.930736%35.9%913833.340172%33.340172%33.3%99,12999.1k30.711898%30.711898%30.7%15,98816.0k30.315023%30.315023%30.3%64,767,78764.8M29.508841%29.508841%29.5%751928.952816%28.952816%29.0%13,118,64213.1M28.521672%28.521672%28.5%7371028.462853%28.462853%28.5%8,931,6868.93M27.865307%27.865307%27.9%9021127.410304%27.410304%27.4%1,831,7981.83M27.061133%27.061133%27.1%9651225.902579%25.902579%25.9%4521325.338645%25.338645%25.3%3181419.727891%19.727891%19.7%5511519.525625%19.525625%19.5%4611617.204969%17.204969%17.2%27717.204969%17.204969%17.2%2771717.035775%17.035775%17.0%3001814.637681%14.637681%14.6%3031913.072626%13.072626%13.1%3512010.311165%10.311165%10.3%169217.267709%7.267709%7.3%7922

Very Advanced Degrees by Tract#17

Percent of population 25 years of age and older with a professional or doctorate degree (e.g., MBA, PhD, or MD).
Scope: population of Tract 010701, selected other tracts in Clinton County, and entities that contain Tract 010701
0%5%10%15%Count#011200Tract 011200010108Tract 010108010105Tract 010105011101Tract 011101011104Tract 011104010104Tract 010104Lansing and East Lansing Metro AreaLansing Area010201Tract 010201Clinton CountyClintonUnited States of AmericaUnited States010107Tract 010107010300Tract 010300Midwest011002Tract 011002East North CentralMichigan010801Tract 010801010600Tract 010600010204Tract 010204010400Tract 010400010902Tract 010902Greenbush TownshipGreenbush010701Tract 010701011001Tract 011001010802Tract 010802010500Tract 010500010901Tract 010901010702Tract 010702010203Tract 01020318.831169%18.831169%18.8%58110.898119%10.898119%10.9%30727.650023%7.650023%7.7%16736.576670%6.576670%6.6%19046.547339%6.547339%6.5%27855.312869%5.312869%5.3%13564.862340%4.862340%4.9%14,45714.5k3.610315%3.610315%3.6%6373.542203%3.542203%3.5%1,8443.336158%3.336158%3.3%7,127,6737.13M3.239826%3.239826%3.2%8283.051318%3.051318%3.1%11092.893416%2.893416%2.9%1,311,0191.31M2.863777%2.863777%2.9%74102.855432%2.855432%2.9%896,039896k2.809013%2.809013%2.8%187,723188k2.363050%2.363050%2.4%66112.214651%2.214651%2.2%39122.151394%2.151394%2.2%27131.850813%1.850813%1.9%66141.668211%1.668211%1.7%54151.614907%1.614907%1.6%261.614907%1.614907%1.6%26161.303538%1.303538%1.3%35171.178782%1.178782%1.2%30180.931809%0.931809%0.9%22190.434783%0.434783%0.4%9200.366077%0.366077%0.4%6210.000000%0.000000%0.0%022

Under-Education Sex Ratio by Tract#18

Percentage more likely men are than women to not have a high school diploma (or equivalent) among people aged 25 years and older.
Scope: population of Tract 010701, selected other tracts in Clinton County, and entities that contain Tract 010701
Female
Male
0x2x4xFM#Tract 010105Tract 010300Tract 011002Tract 010500Tract 010204Tract 011001Tract 010201Tract 010600Tract 010108Tract 010902Tract 010801Tract 010203Tract 011104ClintonTract 010107Lansing AreaTract 010702MichiganMidwestEast North CentralUnited StatesTract 010104Tract 010901GreenbushTract 010701Tract 011101Tract 010400Tract 010802-1.000000x-1.000000x4.567222x4.567222x4.57x0.925%0.93%4.225%4.23%1-1.000000x-1.000000x3.338753x3.338753x3.34x1.477%1.48%4.932%4.93%2-1.000000x-1.000000x3.028014x3.028014x3.03x2.619%2.62%7.931%7.93%3-1.000000x-1.000000x2.887203x2.887203x2.89x2.029%2.03%5.857%5.86%4-1.000000x-1.000000x2.344515x2.344515x2.34x2.385%2.38%5.591%5.59%5-1.000000x-1.000000x2.065390x2.065390x2.07x6.161%6.16%12.726%12.7%6-1.000000x-1.000000x1.970894x1.970894x1.97x7.477%7.48%14.736%14.7%7-1.000000x-1.000000x1.847402x1.847402x1.85x4.551%4.55%8.407%8.41%8-1.000000x-1.000000x1.592261x1.592261x1.59x2.668%2.67%4.249%4.25%9-1.000000x-1.000000x1.583384x1.583384x1.58x3.125%3.13%4.948%4.95%10-1.000000x-1.000000x1.483732x1.483732x1.48x9.851%9.85%14.616%14.6%11-1.000000x-1.000000x1.418959x1.418959x1.42x24.288%24.3%34.464%34.5%12-1.000000x-1.000000x1.412098x1.412098x1.41x4.132%4.13%5.835%5.83%13-1.000000x-1.000000x1.397541x1.397541x1.40x5.288%5.29%7.390%7.39%-1.000000x-1.000000x1.229188x1.229188x1.23x6.320%6.32%7.769%7.77%14-1.000000x-1.000000x1.208973x1.208973x1.21x6.457%6.46%7.806%7.81%-1.000000x-1.000000x1.194626x1.194626x1.19x7.572%7.57%9.046%9.05%15-1.000000x-1.000000x1.145031x1.145031x1.15x9.461%9.46%10.834%10.8%-1.000000x-1.000000x1.127915x1.127915x1.13x9.647%9.65%10.881%10.9%-1.000000x-1.000000x1.125371x1.125371x1.13x10.108%10.1%11.375%11.4%-1.000000x-1.000000x1.109070x1.109070x1.11x12.369%12.4%13.719%13.7%-1.000000x-1.000000x1.064606x1.064606x1.06x6.022%6.02%6.411%6.41%16-1.015641x-1.015641x1.02x1.000000x1.000000x8.029%8.03%7.906%7.91%17-1.137203x-1.137203x1.14x1.000000x1.000000x8.038%8.04%7.068%7.07%-1.137203x-1.137203x1.14x1.000000x1.000000x8.038%8.04%7.068%7.07%18-1.377576x-1.377576x1.38x1.000000x1.000000x3.248%3.25%2.358%2.36%19-1.809571x-1.809571x1.81x1.000000x1.000000x5.882%5.88%3.251%3.25%20-1.994977x-1.994977x1.99x1.000000x1.000000x8.988%8.99%4.505%4.51%21

Over-Education Sex Ratio by Tract#19

Percentage more likely men are than women to have a professional or doctorate degree (e.g., MBA, PhD, or MD) among people aged 25 years and older.
Scope: population of Tract 010701, selected other tracts in Clinton County, and entities that contain Tract 010701
Female
Male
0x5x10xFM#Tract 010802Tract 010204Tract 011104Tract 011101Tract 011001Tract 010107Tract 010108Tract 010300ClintonMichiganEast North CentralMidwestUnited StatesLansing AreaTract 010104Tract 011002GreenbushTract 010701Tract 010400Tract 010105Tract 010600Tract 010901Tract 010801Tract 010902Tract 010201Tract 010500Tract 010702Tract 011200-1.000000x-1.000000x10.000000x10.000000x> 10.0x0.000%0%2.650%2.65%1-1.000000x-1.000000x5.777556x5.777556x5.78x0.636%0.64%3.674%3.67%2-1.000000x-1.000000x4.284369x4.284369x4.28x2.593%2.59%11.111%11.1%3-1.000000x-1.000000x2.887529x2.887529x2.89x3.386%3.39%9.778%9.78%4-1.000000x-1.000000x2.420053x2.420053x2.42x0.779%0.78%1.885%1.89%5-1.000000x-1.000000x2.116269x2.116269x2.12x2.177%2.18%4.607%4.61%6-1.000000x-1.000000x2.095635x2.095635x2.10x7.205%7.20%15.099%15.1%7-1.000000x-1.000000x1.882077x1.882077x1.88x2.102%2.10%3.957%3.96%8-1.000000x-1.000000x1.681839x1.681839x1.68x2.659%2.66%4.472%4.47%-1.000000x-1.000000x1.645347x1.645347x1.65x2.143%2.14%3.526%3.53%-1.000000x-1.000000x1.597848x1.597848x1.60x2.216%2.22%3.541%3.54%-1.000000x-1.000000x1.589934x1.589934x1.59x2.251%2.25%3.579%3.58%-1.000000x-1.000000x1.526215x1.526215x1.53x2.660%2.66%4.060%4.06%-1.000000x-1.000000x1.494686x1.494686x1.49x3.931%3.93%5.875%5.88%-1.000000x-1.000000x1.391964x1.391964x1.39x4.437%4.44%6.177%6.18%9-1.000000x-1.000000x1.119602x1.119602x1.12x2.698%2.70%3.021%3.02%10-1.000000x-1.000000x1.107330x1.107330x1.11x1.537%1.54%1.702%1.70%-1.000000x-1.000000x1.107330x1.107330x1.11x1.537%1.54%1.702%1.70%11-1.000000x-1.000000x1.089221x1.089221x1.09x1.770%1.77%1.928%1.93%12-1.000996x-1.000996x1.00x1.000000x1.000000x7.653%7.65%7.646%7.65%13-1.110360x-1.110360x1.11x1.000000x1.000000x2.334%2.33%2.102%2.10%14-1.110858x-1.110858x1.11x1.000000x1.000000x0.456%0.46%0.411%0.41%15-1.175337x-1.175337x1.18x1.000000x1.000000x2.551%2.55%2.171%2.17%16-1.278906x-1.278906x1.28x1.000000x1.000000x1.875%1.88%1.466%1.47%17-1.298189x-1.298189x1.30x1.000000x1.000000x4.089%4.09%3.150%3.15%18-1.742604x-1.742604x1.74x1.000000x1.000000x1.183%1.18%0.679%0.68%19-1.939904x-1.939904x1.94x1.000000x1.000000x0.481%0.48%0.248%0.25%20-2.075581x-2.075581x2.08x1.000000x1.000000x24.419%24.4%11.765%11.8%21

Definitions

Educational attainment is reported in terms of the highest level of education obtained by persons aged 25 years and older. On this page, we report on both detailed and coarse categorizations of the levels of education in the population. The detailed levels of educational attainment are as follows:

  • None: no formal education at all
  • Less than High School: some education, but stopped short of high school
  • Some High School: some high school education, but no high school diploma (or equivalent)
  • Some College: high school diploma (or equivalent), and some college, but no post-secondary degree
  • Associate's Degree: highest post-secondary degree is an associate's degree (including occupational or academic degrees)
  • Bachelor's Degree: highest post-secondary degree is a bachelor's degree (e.g., BA, BS, AB)
  • Master's Degree: highest post-secondary degree is a master's degree (e.g., MA, MS, MENG, MSW)
  • Professional Degree: highest post-secondary degree is a professional degree (e.g., MD, DDC, JD)
  • Doctorate Degree: highest post-secondary degree is a doctorate degree (e.g., PhD, EdD)

The coarse levels of educational attainment are as follows:

  • No High School Diploma: does not have a high school diploma or equivalent
  • High School Diploma: has a high school diploma or equivalent and possibly some college, but no post-secondary degrees
  • Higher Degree: has some post-secondary degree (associate's, bachelor's, master's, professional, doctorate)

For additional information about the data presented on this site, including our sources, please see the About Page.

More Topics to Explore

More Maps to Explore

State:

County:

Metro Area:

Township:

ZIP Codes:

Unified School Districts:

Congressional District:

State Senate District:

State House District: