Industries in Union Hill, Richmond, Virginia (Neighborhood)

Industry#1

Percentage of the civilian employed population aged 16 and older.
Scope: population of Richmond and Union Hill
Union Hill
Richmond
0%5%10%15%20%CountHealthcare1EducationProfessional2HospitalityRetailFinance & InsuranceGovernment3TransportationManufacturingOther ServicesReal estateInformationConstructionWholesalersAdministrative4Entertainment5UtilitiesAgriculture6Oil & Gas, and MiningOil & Gas, and Mi…Management720.258865%15.460419%20.258865%20.3%19219312.938798%11.720942%12.938798%12.9%12311.805036%8.071899%11.805036%11.8%11210.127746%9.461967%10.127746%10.1%969.286575%10.791434%9.286575%9.3%887.288164%6.250175%7.288164%7.3%695.909587%5.346771%5.909587%5.9%564.345993%3.419696%4.345993%4.3%414.093465%5.084793%4.093465%4.1%38393.932908%5.446528%3.932908%3.9%372.140159%1.845965%2.140159%2.1%201.693221%1.887918%1.693221%1.7%161.689316%4.783659%1.689316%1.7%161.579400%1.649248%1.579400%1.6%151.546843%5.588238%1.546843%1.5%14150.985699%2.272960%0.985699%1.0%90.378224%0.588285%0.378224%0.4%340.000000%0.000000%0.0%0.151033%00.000000%0.000000%0.0%0.076449%00.000000%0.000000%0.0%0.101621%0
Count number of people employed in given industry
1Healthcare and social assistance 2Professional, scientific, and technical services 3Government not otherwise classified 4Administrative, support, and waste management services 5Entertainment, arts, and recreation 6Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting 7Management of companies

Relative Industry#2

Percentage more or less common in Union Hill than in Richmond, among the civilian employed population aged 16 and older.
Scope: population of Richmond and Union Hill
Less Common
More Common
100%50%0%%ref.Professional1Healthcare2TransportationFinance & InsuranceReal estateGovernment3EducationHospitalityWholesalersInformationRetailManufacturingOther ServicesUtilitiesEntertainment4ConstructionAdministrative5Agriculture6Oil & Gas, and MiningOil & Gas, and Mi…Management746.248557%46.248557%46.2%11.805%11.8%8.072%8.07%31.036973%31.036973%31.0%20.259%20.3%15.460%15.5%27.087119%27.087119%27.1%4.346%4.35%3.420%3.42%16.607364%16.607364%16.6%7.288%7.29%6.250%6.25%15.937185%15.937185%15.9%2.140%2.14%1.846%1.85%10.526288%10.526288%10.5%5.910%5.91%5.347%5.35%10.390424%10.390424%10.4%12.939%12.9%11.721%11.7%7.036379%7.036379%7.0%10.128%10.1%9.462%9.46%-4.235143%-4.235143%4.2%1.579%1.58%1.649%1.65%-10.312824%-10.312824%10.3%1.693%1.69%1.888%1.89%-13.944939%-13.944939%13.9%9.287%9.29%10.791%10.8%-19.495931%-19.495931%19.5%4.093%4.09%5.085%5.08%-27.790548%-27.790548%27.8%3.933%3.93%5.447%5.45%-35.707375%-35.707375%35.7%0.378%0.38%0.588%0.59%-56.633711%-56.633711%56.6%0.986%0.99%2.273%2.27%-64.685688%-64.685688%64.7%1.689%1.69%4.784%4.78%-72.319666%-72.319666%72.3%1.547%1.55%5.588%5.59%-100.000000%-100.000000%100.0%0.000%0%0.151%0.15%-100.000000%-100.000000%100.0%0.000%0%0.076%0.08%-100.000000%-100.000000%100.0%0.000%0%0.102%0.10%
% percentage of industry in Union Hill
ref. percentage of industry in Richmond
1Professional, scientific, and technical services 2Healthcare and social assistance 3Government not otherwise classified 4Entertainment, arts, and recreation 5Administrative, support, and waste management services 6Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting 7Management of companies

Sex Ratio by Industry#3

Sex ratio by industry among the civilian employed population aged 16 and older.
Scope: population of Richmond and Union Hill
Female Male
Richmond
Union Hill
2x1x0x1x2xFMWholesalersAdministrative1Professional2Finance & InsuranceHospitalityEducationAll IndustriesManufacturingRetailGovernment3Healthcare4-1.000000x-1.000000x-1.000000x2.671533x3.807065x2.671533x2.67x41011-1.000000x-1.000000x-1.000000x2.596700x1.271315x2.596700x2.60x41011-1.000000x-1.000000x-1.000000x2.231853x1.334322x2.231853x2.23x34357778-1.000000x-1.055181x-1.000000x1.867397x1.000000x1.867397x1.87x2445-1.000000x-1.024536x-1.000000x1.288285x1.000000x1.288285x1.29x4254-1.026069x-1.664124x-1.026069x1.03x1.000000x1.000000x1.000000x626061-1.044918x-1.050135x-1.044918x1.04x1.000000x1.000000x1.000000x485486464465-1.103405x-1.000000x-1.103405x1.10x1.000000x1.792627x1.000000x201819-1.185620x-1.123464x-1.185620x1.19x1.000000x1.000000x1.000000x474840-2.366918x-1.159262x-2.366918x2.37x1.000000x1.000000x1.000000x39401617-2.753023x-2.934282x-2.753023x2.75x1.000000x1.000000x1.000000x14151
F number of females employed in given industry
M number of males employed in given industry
1Administrative, support, and waste management services 2Professional, scientific, and technical services 3Government not otherwise classified 4Healthcare and social assistance

Sex Ratio by Industry#4

Sex ratio by industry among the civilian employed population aged 16 and older.
Scope: population of Richmond and Union Hill
Female Male
Richmond
Union Hill
10x5x0x5x10xFMEntertainment1UtilitiesConstructionInformationTransportationOther ServicesReal estate-1.000000x-1.038462x-1.000000x11.569520x1.000000x11.569520x11.57x0189-1.000000x-1.000000x-1.000000x4.787680x1.436293x4.787680x4.79x0123-1.000000x-1.000000x-1.000000x4.066381x10.714612x4.066381x4.07x31213-1.000000x-1.000000x-1.000000x3.389808x1.136076x3.389808x3.39x3412-1.000000x-1.000000x-1.000000x3.012242x2.292639x3.012242x3.01x1031-3.544645x-1.333999x-3.544645x3.54x1.000000x1.000000x1.000000x298-6.405952x-1.000000x-6.405952x6.41x1.000000x1.357143x1.000000x171823
F number of females employed in given industry
M number of males employed in given industry
1Entertainment, arts, and recreation

Part Timers by Industry#5

Part time and seasonal workers as a percentage of total workforce within an industry.
Scope: population of Richmond and Union Hill
Union Hill
Richmond
0%20%40%60%PartFullEntertainment1HospitalityReal estateRetailAdministrative2EducationProfessional3All IndustriesConstructionGovernment4Healthcare5Other ServicesFinance & InsuranceTransportationManufacturingInformationWholesalersUtilities72.154863%62.838392%72.154863%72.2%672367.536359%51.019805%67.536359%67.5%653141.546623%40.454545%41.546623%41.5%8111238.164866%42.514039%38.164866%38.2%3334545534.486556%39.723056%34.486556%34.5%591032.356427%43.891187%32.356427%32.4%39408329.060703%20.732271%29.060703%29.1%3233798028.937470%34.272476%28.937470%28.9%27567567625.927423%35.197817%25.927423%25.9%4111223.403198%16.059285%23.403198%23.4%134322.236831%30.615691%22.236831%22.2%424314915018.649269%44.864772%18.649269%18.6%673016.165144%11.247017%16.165144%16.2%11588.183759%33.996728%8.183759%8.2%337383.831460%21.965530%3.831460%3.8%1373.087597%22.271605%3.087597%3.1%015160.000000%0.000000%0.0%22.102883%0150.000000%0.000000%0.0%11.251981%034
Part number of part time workers employed in given industry
Full number of full time workers employed in given industry
1Entertainment, arts, and recreation 2Administrative, support, and waste management services 3Professional, scientific, and technical services 4Government not otherwise classified 5Healthcare and social assistance 6Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting 7Management of companies

Median Income by Industry#6

For the full-time year-round civilian employed population aged 16 and older.
Scope: population of Richmond and Union Hill
Union Hill
Richmond
$0k$50k%CountWholesalersFinance & InsuranceInformationProfessional1ManufacturingGovernment2EducationEntertainment3All IndustriesHealthcare4Other ServicesTransportationRetailHospitality$87,496.393661$45,500.000000$87,496.393661$87.5k1.579%1.58%15$82,084.727393$59,050.000000$82,084.727393$82.1k7.288%7.29%69$77,428.122398$40,631.000000$77,428.122398$77.4k1.693%1.69%16$77,351.509894$68,539.000000$77,351.509894$77.4k11.805%11.8%112$55,866.595467$45,179.000000$55,866.595467$55.9k4.093%4.09%3839$50,781.399605$50,717.000000$50,781.399605$50.8k5.910%5.91%56$43,137.335014$44,230.000000$43,137.335014$43.1k12.939%12.9%123$41,250.000000$44,146.000000$41,250.000000$41.3k0.986%0.99%9$40,350.038292$40,894.000000$40,350.038292$40.4k100.000%100%950951$39,420.590885$39,621.000000$39,420.590885$39.4k20.259%20.3%192193$39,081.134819$32,180.000000$39,081.134819$39.1k3.933%3.93%37$34,202.169586$35,063.000000$34,202.169586$34.2k4.346%4.35%41$32,904.418034$30,511.000000$32,904.418034$32.9k9.287%9.29%88$26,375.989885$22,482.000000$26,375.989885$26.4k10.128%10.1%96
% percent of the workforce employed in given industry
Count number of people employed in given industry
1Professional, scientific, and technical services 2Government not otherwise classified 3Entertainment, arts, and recreation 4Healthcare and social assistance 5Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting 6Management of companies 7Administrative, support, and waste management services

Industries by Neighborhood in Richmond

There are 145 neighborhoods in Richmond. This section compares Union Hill to all of the neighborhoods in Richmond and to those entities that contain or substantially overlap with Union Hill.

Agriculture1 Industry by Neighborhood#7

Percentage of the civilian employed population aged 16 and older.
Scope: population of Union Hill, selected other neighborhoods in Richmond, and entities that contain Union Hill
0%1%2%3%Count#Richmond CountyRichmondPeter Paul NeighborhoodPeter PaulWoodville NeighborhoodWoodvilleFairmount NeighborhoodFairmountLaburnum Park NeighborhoodLaburnum ParkSherwood Park NeighborhoodSherwood ParkHighland Park Southern Tip NeighborhoodHighland Pk S TipUnited States of AmericaUnited StatesOakwood NeighborhoodOakwoodOakwood Cemetery NeighborhoodOakwood CemeterySouthWesthampton NeighborhoodWesthamptonStonewall Court NeighborhoodStonewall CourtSouth AtlanticChurch Hill North NeighborhoodChurch Hl NVirginiaGinter Park NeighborhoodGinter ParkWindsor Farms NeighborhoodWindsor FarmsWilton NeighborhoodWiltonNorth Highland Park NeighborhoodN Highland PkForest Hill Park NeighborhoodFrst Hl PkNorthrop NeighborhoodNorthropChimborazo NeighborhoodChimborazoOak Grove NeighborhoodOak GroveRichmond Metro AreaRichmond AreaForest Hill NeighborhoodForest HillDeerbourne NeighborhoodDeerbourneMcGuire Veterans Hospital NeighborhoodMcGuire Veterans …Broad Rock Industrial Park NeighborhoodBroad Rock Ind PkCofer NeighborhoodCoferCullenwood NeighborhoodCullenwoodCherry Gardens NeighborhoodCherry GdnsParnell Industrial Area NeighborhoodParnell Ind AreaWalmsley NeighborhoodWalmsleyHickory Hill NeighborhoodHickory HillWoodland Heights NeighborhoodWdlnd HtsEdgewood NeighborhoodEdgewoodThe Museum District NeighborhoodThe Museum DistZIP Code 23223ZIP 23223RichmondRichmond City Public SchoolsRichmondMcGuire NeighborhoodMcGuireFulton NeighborhoodFultonThe Fan NeighborhoodThe FanJeff Davis NeighborhoodJeff DavisSouthwood NeighborhoodSouthwoodRosedale NeighborhoodRosedaleUnion Hill NeighborhoodUnion HillByrd Park NeighborhoodByrd ParkHillside Court NeighborhoodHillside CourtCarillon NeighborhoodCarillonSouthampton NeighborhoodSouthamptonMonument Avenue Park NeighborhoodMonument Ave PkScott's Addition NeighborhoodScott's AddnCommerce Road Industrial Area NeighborhoodCommerce Rd Ind …Maymont Park NeighborhoodMaymont ParkGambles Hill NeighborhoodGambles HillBryan Park NeighborhoodBryan ParkMaury NeighborhoodMaury3.446075%3.446075%3.4%1082.095791%2.095791%2.1%3412.002746%2.002746%2.0%221.688204%1.688204%1.7%631.619433%1.619433%1.6%641.619433%1.619433%1.6%4551.512586%1.512586%1.5%111261.326306%1.326306%1.3%1,962,9511.96M1.193139%1.193139%1.2%2371.193139%1.193139%1.2%2381.020426%1.020426%1.0%550,178550k0.928571%0.928571%0.9%690.928571%0.928571%0.9%4100.923262%0.923262%0.9%262,334262k0.917097%0.917097%0.9%78110.722193%0.722193%0.7%29,15129.2k0.717150%0.717150%0.7%16120.616740%0.616740%0.6%34130.616740%0.616740%0.6%23140.614065%0.614065%0.6%7150.529801%0.529801%0.5%0160.529801%0.529801%0.5%5170.517058%0.517058%0.5%34180.434827%0.434827%0.4%3190.431646%0.431646%0.4%2,6810.399831%0.399831%0.4%23200.399772%0.399772%0.4%12210.399772%0.399772%0.4%12220.399772%0.399772%0.4%01230.399772%0.399772%0.4%01240.399772%0.399772%0.4%0250.399772%0.399772%0.4%0260.396444%0.396444%0.4%01270.385109%0.385109%0.4%23280.382806%0.382806%0.4%2290.380469%0.380469%0.4%4300.339751%0.339751%0.3%1310.255502%0.255502%0.3%12370.215612%0.215612%0.2%490.151033%0.151033%0.2%1620.151033%0.151033%0.2%1620.122247%0.122247%0.1%01410.046569%0.046569%0.0%01460.000000%0.000000%0.0%0500.000000%0.000000%0.0%0510.000000%0.000000%0.0%0610.000000%0.000000%0.0%0710.000000%0.000000%0.0%0780.000000%0.000000%0.0%0810.000000%0.000000%0.0%0910.000000%0.000000%0.0%01010.000000%0.000000%0.0%01110.000000%0.000000%0.0%01210.000000%0.000000%0.0%01310.000000%0.000000%0.0%01370.000000%0.000000%0.0%01380.000000%0.000000%0.0%01390.000000%0.000000%0.0%01400.000000%0.000000%0.0%0141
1Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting

Manufacturing Income by Neighborhood#27

Median income for the full-time year-round civilian employed population aged 16 and older.
Scope: population of Union Hill, selected other neighborhoods in Richmond, and entities that contain Union Hill
$0k$100k%Count#Windsor Farms NeighborhoodWindsor FarmsWilton NeighborhoodWiltonWesthampton NeighborhoodWesthamptonStonewall Court NeighborhoodStonewall CourtMary Munford NeighborhoodMary MunfordHuguenot NeighborhoodHuguenotStony Point NeighborhoodStony PointSouthampton NeighborhoodSouthamptonMalvern Gardens NeighborhoodMalvern GdnsSauer's Gardens NeighborhoodSauer's GdnsWillow Lawn NeighborhoodWillow LawnHighland Park Southern Tip NeighborhoodHighland Pk S TipColonial Place NeighborhoodColonial PlMonument Avenue Park NeighborhoodMonument Ave PkRosedale NeighborhoodRosedaleBryan Park NeighborhoodBryan ParkNorth Highland Park NeighborhoodN Highland PkWillow Oaks NeighborhoodWillow OaksGravel Hill NeighborhoodGravel HillStratford Hills NeighborhoodStratford HlsCarytown NeighborhoodCarytownByrd Park NeighborhoodByrd ParkThe Museum District NeighborhoodThe Museum DistCountry Club of Virginia NeighborhoodCountry Club of Vi…University of Richmond NeighborhoodUniv of RichmondThree Chopt NeighborhoodThree ChoptCottrell Farms NeighborhoodCottrell FarmsEdgewood NeighborhoodEdgewoodUpper Shockoe Valley NeighborhoodUpper Shockoe VlyShockoe Bottom NeighborhoodShockoe BottomHickory Hill NeighborhoodHickory HillUnion Hill NeighborhoodUnion HillGinter Park Terrace NeighborhoodGinter Pk TerRichmond Metro AreaRichmond AreaThe Fan NeighborhoodThe FanVirginiaUnited States of AmericaUnited StatesCarillon NeighborhoodCarillonGinter Park NeighborhoodGinter ParkRichmondRichmond City Public SchoolsRichmondSouthSouth AtlanticWoodhaven NeighborhoodWoodhavenOxford NeighborhoodOxfordFulton NeighborhoodFultonZIP Code 23223ZIP 23223The Diamond NeighborhoodThe DiamondWarwick NeighborhoodWarwickRichmond CountyRichmondWestover Hills West NeighborhoodWestover Hls WBiotech and MCV District NeighborhoodBiotech and MCV …Creighton NeighborhoodCreightonWindsor NeighborhoodWindsorWoodland Heights NeighborhoodWdlnd HtsSwansboro NeighborhoodSwansboroManchester NeighborhoodManchesterEastview NeighborhoodEastview$151,000.000000$151,000.000000$151.0k3.260%3.26%20211$151,000.000000$151,000.000000$151.0k3.260%3.26%132$127,159.000000$127,159.000000$127.2k6.643%6.64%43443$127,159.000000$127,159.000000$127.2k6.643%6.64%30314$121,722.627610$121,722.627610$121.7k2.058%2.06%16175$113,646.000000$113,646.000000$113.6k5.027%5.03%82836$113,646.000000$113,646.000000$113.6k5.027%5.03%24257$113,646.000000$113,646.000000$113.6k5.027%5.03%16178$109,106.241310$109,106.241310$109.1k2.819%2.82%249$108,448.182956$108,448.182956$108.4k2.873%2.87%192010$101,256.532573$101,256.532573$101.3k4.879%4.88%2611$99,937.795438$99,937.795438$99.9k3.953%3.95%3012$99,499.831854$99,499.831854$99.5k4.139%4.14%5213$91,250.000000$91,250.000000$91.3k4.251%4.25%121314$90,536.000000$90,536.000000$90.5k10.445%10.4%9415$90,536.000000$90,536.000000$90.5k10.445%10.4%016$80,346.230206$80,346.230206$80.3k6.178%6.18%7417$77,143.000000$77,143.000000$77.1k2.056%2.06%718$77,143.000000$77,143.000000$77.1k2.056%2.06%619$71,910.864515$71,910.864515$71.9k2.349%2.35%4120$70,379.894882$70,379.894882$70.4k2.225%2.23%212221$69,891.528572$69,891.528572$69.9k5.159%5.16%4522$66,949.546537$66,949.546537$66.9k3.379%3.38%16323$64,563.000000$64,563.000000$64.6k2.277%2.28%0124$64,563.000000$64,563.000000$64.6k2.277%2.28%303125$64,563.000000$64,563.000000$64.6k2.277%2.28%272826$63,056.000000$63,056.000000$63.1k2.798%2.80%171827$62,734.000000$62,734.000000$62.7k3.284%3.28%131428$62,431.000000$62,431.000000$62.4k8.085%8.08%3429$62,403.731720$62,403.731720$62.4k2.830%2.83%4630$58,175.000000$58,175.000000$58.2k5.696%5.70%3136$55,866.595467$55,866.595467$55.9k4.093%4.09%383944$54,813.000000$54,813.000000$54.8k9.430%9.43%161745$54,716.000000$54,716.000000$54.7k6.834%6.83%42,44442.4k$51,668.405870$51,668.405870$51.7k2.731%2.73%24550$49,466.000000$49,466.000000$49.5k7.225%7.23%291,635292k$47,819.000000$47,819.000000$47.8k10.349%10.3%15,316,35515.3M$47,292.000000$47,292.000000$47.3k4.357%4.36%242554$45,654.053312$45,654.053312$45.7k5.764%5.76%12812958$45,179.000000$45,179.000000$45.2k5.085%5.08%5,454$45,179.000000$45,179.000000$45.2k5.085%5.08%5,454$44,473.000000$44,473.000000$44.5k9.320%9.32%5,024,8035.02M$44,242.000000$44,242.000000$44.2k8.134%8.13%2,311,0782.31M$40,288.000000$40,288.000000$40.3k1.934%1.93%1063$37,472.000000$37,472.000000$37.5k4.373%4.37%3872$36,740.049169$36,740.049169$36.7k7.115%7.12%15015179$36,055.000000$36,055.000000$36.1k6.948%6.95%1,579$36,055.000000$36,055.000000$36.1k5.447%5.45%1281$34,375.000000$34,375.000000$34.4k12.163%12.2%464790$33,603.000000$33,603.000000$33.6k9.253%9.25%290$33,224.000000$33,224.000000$33.2k4.956%4.96%1699$31,250.000000$31,250.000000$31.3k3.521%3.52%89108$24,245.000000$24,245.000000$24.2k2.893%2.89%1213117$19,837.000000$19,837.000000$19.8k8.553%8.55%19122$18,333.000000$18,333.000000$18.3k3.826%3.83%42123$18,333.000000$18,333.000000$18.3k3.834%3.83%2930124$18,333.000000$18,333.000000$18.3k1.764%1.76%7125$14,653.000000$14,653.000000$14.7k7.817%7.82%46126
% percent of the workforce employed in given industry
Count number of people employed in given industry
# rank of neighborhood out of 126 by income in given industry

Definitions

An industry describe the kind of business conducted by a person’s employing organization. On this page, all employed persons are categorized as working in one of the following industries (bolded terms are used in the charts and maps on this page):

  • Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining:
    • Agriculture: Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
    • Oil & Gas, and Mining: Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
  • Construction: Construction
  • Manufacturing: Manufacturing
  • Wholesalers: Wholesale trade
  • Retail: Retail trade
  • Transportation and warehousing, and utilities:
    • Transportation: Transportation and warehousing
    • Utilities: Utilities
  • Information: Information
  • Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing:
    • Finance & Insurance: Finance and insurance
    • Real estate: Real estate and rental and leasing
  • Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services:
    • Professional: Professional, scientific, and technical services
    • Management: Management of companies and enterprises
    • Administrative: Administrative and support and waste management services
  • Educational services, and health care and social assistance:
    • Education: Educational services
    • Healthcare: Health care and social assistance
  • Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services:
    • Entertainment: Arts, entertainment, and recreation
    • Hospitality: Accommodation and food services
  • Other Services: Other services, except public administration
  • Government: Public administration

Unlike the other geographical entities detailed on this site, neighborhoods are not recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau. To overcome this we have computed reasonable estimates of the same statistics that are presented for other the entity types. Each statistic is computed as the weighted sum or average of the census tracts or block groups that overlap the neighborhood. A weighted sum is used for counts of people or households, and a weighted average is used for statistics that are themselves some form of average, such as median household income. Census block groups are preferred when the statistic in question is available on the block group level. The weight for a given tract (or block group) is computed as the population of the census tabulation blocks that occupy the intersection between the tract and the neighborhood as a fraction of the total population of the neighborhood.

For additional information about the data presented on this site, including our sources, please see the About Page.

More Topics to Explore

Demographics

Income

Education

More Maps to Explore

State:
Virginia
City:
Richmond
Metro Area:
Richmond Area
City:
Richmond
ZIP Code:
23223
Unified School District:
Richmond
Congressional District:
VA-4
State Senate Districts:
VA-9, VA-16
State House District:
VA-71
Neighboring Neighborhoods:
Church Hill, Church Hill North, Fairmount, Mosby, Upper Shockoe Valley
Nearby Neighborhoods:
Biotech and MCV District, Brauers, Capitol District, Central Office, Chimborazo, Eastview, Fairfield, Oakwood, Peter Paul, Shockoe Bottom