Household Types in the Big Rock Township, Pulaski County, Arkansas (Township)

Household Types#1

Percentage of households.
Scope: households in Pulaski County and the Big Rock Township
Big Rock Township
Pulaski County
0%10%20%30%40%CountMarried1Single Female1Single Male1One-Person2Other Non-Family238.189131%40.358981%38.189131%38.2%34,08834.1k15.284391%15.727612%15.284391%15.3%13,64313.6k4.541737%4.175244%4.541737%4.5%4,05436.145685%34.217705%36.145685%36.1%32,26432.3k5.839056%5.520458%5.839056%5.8%5,212
1families 2households

Family Household Types#2

Percentage of family households with children under the age of 18.
Scope: households in Pulaski County and the Big Rock Township
Big Rock Township
Pulaski County
0%10%20%30%40%50%CountMarriedSingle MomsSingle Dads57.799596%57.079782%57.799596%57.8%12,59812.6k33.675904%34.831605%33.675904%33.7%7,3408.524500%8.088613%8.524500%8.5%1,858

Families with Children#3

Percentage of households.
Scope: households in Pulaski County and the Big Rock Township
Big Rock Township
Pulaski County
0%20%40%60%CountWith Children1Without Children224.418279%25.061760%24.418279%24.4%21,79621.8k75.394629%74.763896%75.394629%75.4%67,29867.3k
1with own children under the age of 18 in the household 2without own children under the age of 18 in the household

Household Types by Race#4

Percentage of households.
Scope: households in Pulaski County and the Big Rock Township
Big Rock Township
Pulaski County
Other Non-Family1
One-Person1
Single Male2
Single Female2
Married2
60%40%20%0%20%40%CountAsian3White4Hispanic5Other3Mixed3Black3-7.923930%-6.391970%-23.243529%-5.124142%-7.150922%-5.344373%-22.732405%-7.339104%-42.683571%43%57.316429%57.433195%57.316429%57%1,893-7.337714%-2.921362%-36.058552%-6.429076%-8.556599%-3.286743%-33.595609%-6.036763%-52.746704%53%47.253296%48.524285%47.253296%47%48,09448.1k-11.377049%-17.311475%-16.622951%-11.704918%-10.852225%-13.832914%-17.023510%-9.844668%-57.016393%57%42.983607%48.446683%42.983607%43%3,050-21.570397%-4.602888%-27.166065%-9.657040%-19.988311%-5.318527%-20.981882%-8.533022%-62.996390%63%37.003610%45.178258%37.003610%37%1,108-16.474576%-0.406780%-41.966102%-7.050847%-18.634217%-0.399564%-37.813295%-8.100254%-65.898305%66%34.101695%35.052670%34.101695%34%1,475-27.154365%-5.775690%-38.806813%-4.325080%-28.487367%-4.919913%-37.627839%-3.934802%-76.061948%76%23.938052%25.030080%23.938052%24%33,64133.6k
Count number of households headed by given race
1households 2families 3including Hispanics 4non-Hispanic 5White Hispanic

Map of Household Types by Neighborhood in the Big Rock Township

Married Household Types by Neighborhood#5

Married as a percentage of households (%):
13%22%31%39%48%57%

Single Female Household Types by Neighborhood#6

Single Female as a percentage of households (%):
2%9%15%21%27%34%

Single Male Household Types by Neighborhood#7

Single Male as a percentage of households (%):
0.0%2.1%4.1%6.2%8.2%10.3%

One-Person Household Types by Neighborhood#8

One-Person as a percentage of households (%):
21%32%43%53%64%75%

Other Non-Family Household Types by Neighborhood#9

Other Non-Family as a percentage of households (%):
0.0%3.4%6.9%10.3%13.8%17.3%

With Children Household Types by Neighborhood#10

With Children as a percentage of households (%):
4%11%18%25%32%39%
Road Data ©OpenStreetMap

Loading...

Failed to load :-(

Map of Household Types by Tract in the Big Rock Township

Married Household Types by Tract#11

Married as a percentage of households (%):
9%24%39%53%68%83%

Single Female Household Types by Tract#12

Single Female as a percentage of households (%):
1%9%16%24%31%39%

Single Male Household Types by Tract#13

Single Male as a percentage of households (%):
0.0%2.4%4.7%7.1%9.5%11.9%

One-Person Household Types by Tract#14

One-Person as a percentage of households (%):
12%24%36%49%61%73%

Other Non-Family Household Types by Tract#15

Other Non-Family as a percentage of households (%):
0.0%3.6%7.2%10.9%14.5%18.1%

With Children Household Types by Tract#16

With Children as a percentage of households (%):
0%9%16%24%32%40%
Road Data ©OpenStreetMap

Loading...

Failed to load :-(

Map of Household Types by Block Group in the Big Rock Township

Married Household Types by Block Group#17

Married as a percentage of households (%):
0%18%36%54%71%90%

Single Female Household Types by Block Group#18

Single Female as a percentage of households (%):
0%9%18%27%36%46%

Single Male Household Types by Block Group#19

Single Male as a percentage of households (%):
0%5%10%16%21%27%

One-Person Household Types by Block Group#20

One-Person as a percentage of households (%):
3%18%33%48%63%78%

Other Non-Family Household Types by Block Group#21

Other Non-Family as a percentage of households (%):
0%8%16%24%32%41%
Road Data ©OpenStreetMap

Loading...

Failed to load :-(

Household Types by Neighborhood in the Big Rock Township

There are 32 neighborhoods that are fully or partially contained within the Big Rock Township (31 fully and 1 partially). This section compares all 32 of those to each other, the Big Rock Township, and other entities that contain or substantially overlap with the Big Rock Township.

Married by Neighborhood#23

Percentage of households.
Scope: households in the Big Rock Township, selected neighborhoods in the Big Rock Township, and entities that contain the Big Rock Township
0%20%40%Count#Riv MtnS Geyer SpgsSandpiper WSandpiperRock CreekWest South CentralArkansasUnited StatesSouthLittle RockChicot W I-30 So.Westwood-Pecan LkHeightsPulaskiHillcrestBig RockReservoirOtter Crk CrystalMidtownCloverdale WatsonEast of I-30West MarkhamWakefieldJohn BarrowUpper BaselineWalnut ValleyCapitol Vw-Stifft StationCapitol Vw-Stifft St…65th St. WestBriarwoodOak ForestBoyle ParkDntn NeighborhoodCentral HighStephensRiverdaleDowntown CBDSouth End56.669794%56.669794%57%2,6842,685153.286269%53.286269%53%443251.020408%51.020408%51%2021351.020408%51.020408%51%136449.860504%49.860504%50%2,6182,619549.014411%49.014411%49%6,677,6906.68M48.823107%48.823107%49%557,306557k48.235831%48.235831%48%56,781,40556.8M47.955775%47.955775%48%21,151,03021.2M46.571574%46.571574%47%129,523130k43.436133%43.436133%43%1,2171,218643.122584%43.122584%43%726742.373535%42.373535%42%1,1621,163840.358981%40.358981%40%62,73462.7k39.014293%39.014293%39%1,149938.189131%38.189131%38%34,08834.1k37.472948%37.472948%37%1,1351,1361037.381468%37.381468%37%1,3641,3651136.822441%36.822441%37%1,3851,3861232.186031%32.186031%32%6261331.560386%31.560386%32%2252261431.523304%31.523304%32%3801530.336566%30.336566%30%8851627.201329%27.201329%27%1,5321726.952227%26.952227%27%8741826.751006%26.751006%27%9279281926.692736%26.692736%27%3763772026.212799%26.212799%26%4312123.583244%23.583244%24%3243252222.433725%22.433725%22%8008012320.216713%20.216713%20%3863872417.752101%17.752101%18%4064072516.582543%16.582543%17%1651662616.099152%16.099152%16%2802812715.250719%15.250719%15%1562814.300566%14.300566%14%2732742913.636494%13.636494%14%21221330
Count number of this household type
# rank of neighborhood out of 30 by percentage of this household type

Household Types by County Subdivision in the Little Rock Area

There are 103 county subdivisions in the Little Rock Area. This section compares the Big Rock Township to the 50 most populous county subdivisions in the Little Rock Area and to those entities that contain or substantially overlap with the Big Rock Township. The least populous of the compared county subdivisions has a population of 1,075.

Married by County Subdivision#29

Percentage of households.
Scope: households in the Big Rock Township, selected other county subdivisions in the Little Rock Area, and entities that contain the Big Rock Township
0%20%40%60%80%Count#Dyer TownshipPerryGoodrumCliftonFairplayEagleUnionPne MtnE ForkMagnessCarolineOak GrvNewcombEagleButlerWashingtonSmithHurricaneMarbleWalkerBannerCaliforniaBeaverSalemRivOwen TownshipCypressCalvertHaskellBenedictHardinMerry GrnPalarmOtterSimpsonWilsonDanleyGray TownshipBauxiteYork TownshipLonokeWard TownshipWest South CentralArkansasUnited StatesSouthLittle RockCadronHill TownshipCarlisleBryantFourche LafavePulaskiBig RockGum WdsRankin80.764904%80.764904%81%718180.115274%80.115274%80%278277.610209%77.610209%78%669376.213130%76.213130%76%801473.799726%73.799726%74%538573.570020%73.570020%74%746673.515982%73.515982%74%483772.096220%72.096220%72%1,049871.388499%71.388499%71%509970.220786%70.220786%70%1,3041069.821732%69.821732%70%1,6451168.702866%68.702866%69%9111266.515837%66.515837%67%4411366.347687%66.347687%66%4161465.953488%65.953488%66%7091565.139442%65.139442%65%3271663.582090%63.582090%64%4261763.391934%63.391934%63%6131863.226045%63.226045%63%1,7091963.080685%63.080685%63%2582062.879094%62.879094%63%1,5552161.920000%61.920000%62%3872261.165783%61.165783%61%8082360.749363%60.749363%61%1,6702458.823529%58.823529%59%3002557.840801%57.840801%58%2,4272657.298701%57.298701%57%1,1032757.260726%57.260726%57%3472856.151990%56.151990%56%9312956.066946%56.066946%56%2683055.963665%55.963665%56%1,4173155.576003%55.576003%56%1,5103255.295950%55.295950%55%7103354.665012%54.665012%55%2,2033454.365541%54.365541%54%4673554.241071%54.241071%54%2433653.534778%53.534778%54%9393752.272727%52.272727%52%6213852.144953%52.144953%52%6,5763952.006940%52.006940%52%4,4964050.392054%50.392054%50%9644150.257467%50.257467%50%9764249.014411%49.014411%49%6,677,6906.68M48.823107%48.823107%49%557,306557k48.235831%48.235831%48%56,781,40556.8M47.955775%47.955775%48%21,151,03021.2M46.571574%46.571574%47%129,523130k43.854052%43.854052%44%11,95912.0k4343.285634%43.285634%43%28,64628.6k4443.126967%43.126967%43%4114541.657099%41.657099%42%2,1774641.584158%41.584158%42%2944740.358981%40.358981%40%62,73462.7k38.189131%38.189131%38%34,08834.1k4836.720143%36.720143%37%4124935.256410%35.256410%35%16550
Count number of this household type
# rank of county subdivision out of 50 by percentage of this household type

Household Types by County Subdivision in Arkansas

There are 1,258 county subdivisions in Arkansas. This section compares the Big Rock Township to the 50 most populous county subdivisions in Arkansas and to those entities that contain or substantially overlap with the Big Rock Township. The least populous of the compared county subdivisions has a population of 10,945.

Married by County Subdivision#35

Percentage of households.
Scope: households in the Big Rock Township, selected other county subdivisions in Arkansas, and entities that contain the Big Rock Township
0%20%40%60%Count#74132110Ctr11Lk HamiltonOwen TownshipHale TownshipMarion Co91263OtterVan Buren58BauxiteYork TownshipWhittingtonGray TownshipSpringdaleWest South CentralArkansasMtn HomeUnited StatesJasperSouthSpadraMagnoliaClarkMarionLittle RockCaddoCadronHill TownshipDe RoanEl DoradoIllinoisBryantGarlandJonesboroPulaskiFenterUpperBig RockHot SpgsChickasawbaFayettevilleMadisonMississippiVaugineNettleton68.197518%68.197518%68%5,331164.352482%64.352482%64%7,091264.246380%64.246380%64%3,150363.744782%63.744782%64%3,207463.286004%63.286004%63%3,432562.454545%62.454545%62%4,809660.060286%60.060286%60%2,391759.256816%59.256816%59%2,695857.906085%57.906085%58%4,834957.840801%57.840801%58%2,4271056.947049%56.947049%57%3,9471156.712164%56.712164%57%3,7811256.675868%56.675868%57%7,8021356.260559%56.260559%56%2,9971456.040703%56.040703%56%3,0291555.343456%55.343456%55%3,8271654.665012%54.665012%55%2,2031754.042817%54.042817%54%6,1091852.968037%52.968037%53%2,6681952.195979%52.195979%52%2,6742052.144953%52.144953%52%6,5762152.006940%52.006940%52%4,4962251.881639%51.881639%52%3,4192351.355176%51.355176%51%4,7182450.325060%50.325060%50%12,30812.3k2549.014411%49.014411%49%6,677,6906.68M48.823107%48.823107%49%557,306557k48.769752%48.769752%49%4,3212648.235831%48.235831%48%56,781,40556.8M48.205719%48.205719%48%2,5122747.955775%47.955775%48%21,151,03021.2M47.836753%47.836753%48%2,1452847.137343%47.137343%47%2,9312947.066121%47.066121%47%3,7943046.599340%46.599340%47%2,2613146.571574%46.571574%47%129,523130k44.699989%44.699989%45%3,9263243.854052%43.854052%44%11,95912.0k3343.285634%43.285634%43%28,64628.6k3443.214207%43.214207%43%1,9713543.141230%43.141230%43%4,4693642.601778%42.601778%43%4,5523741.657099%41.657099%42%2,1773841.468961%41.468961%41%5,4713941.328413%41.328413%41%9,0724040.358981%40.358981%40%62,73462.7k39.834025%39.834025%40%2,0164139.181974%39.181974%39%12,32912.3k4238.189131%38.189131%38%34,08834.1k4336.296256%36.296256%36%6,7094435.605007%35.605007%36%2,5604533.688261%33.688261%34%11,29511.3k4632.960000%32.960000%33%1,6484731.929681%31.929681%32%3,1244830.699787%30.699787%31%5,3394922.453704%22.453704%22%1,06750
Count number of this household type
# rank of county subdivision out of 50 by percentage of this household type

Household Types by County Subdivision in the South

There are 8,483 county subdivisions in the South. This section compares the Big Rock Township to the 50 most populous county subdivisions in the South and to those entities that contain or substantially overlap with the Big Rock Township. The least populous of the compared county subdivisions has a population of 245,874.

Married by County Subdivision#41

Percentage of households.
Scope: households in the Big Rock Township, selected other county subdivisions in the South, and entities that contain the Big Rock Township
0%20%40%60%Count#Sugar LandRoswell-AlpharettaLewisville-Flower MoundLewisville-Flower …NW HarrisPlanoKendale Lks-TamiamiKendale Lks-Tami…SE MontgomeryRound Rock-GeorgetownRound Rock-Geor…NE TarrantMcAllen-PharrNaplesMiramar-Pembroke PnesMiramar-Pembrok…San Antonio NVirginia BchArlingtonWest South CentralSan Antonio NWArkansasLakelandUnited StatesSouthSan Antonio NEHialeahLittle RockBradenton13El PasoFort WorthGreenvilleJacksonville ETulsaCorpus ChristiSW DallasBoynton Bch-Delray BchBoynton Bch-Delra…HoustonNE DallasPlantationLubbockPulaski1, CharlotteClearwaterBig RockSan Antonio CntrlOklahoma City SWSt. PetersburgTampaAustinJacksonville WOrlandoMiamiAtlanta-DecaturBirminghamFort LauderdaleAtlantaNew OrleansWashingtonBaltimore68.184247%68.184247%68%58,69358.7k161.037139%61.037139%61%59,18159.2k260.220014%60.220014%60%53,26453.3k358.970655%58.970655%59%147,784148k458.722970%58.722970%59%117,480117k558.266188%58.266188%58%63,63663.6k657.384578%57.384578%57%72,47572.5k756.565297%56.565297%57%53,97854.0k856.136383%56.136383%56%114,905115k952.763484%52.763484%53%42,75942.8k1052.468343%52.468343%52%53,49253.5k1151.643388%51.643388%52%49,62049.6k1250.251179%50.251179%50%65,52065.5k1350.131635%50.131635%50%83,97584.0k1449.886349%49.886349%50%90,86190.9k1549.014411%49.014411%49%6,677,6906.68M48.878671%48.878671%49%51,13151.1k1648.823107%48.823107%49%557,306557k48.525926%48.525926%49%45,24845.2k1748.235831%48.235831%48%56,781,40556.8M47.955775%47.955775%48%21,151,03021.2M47.595815%47.595815%48%40,48540.5k1847.012011%47.012011%47%50,68650.7k1946.571574%46.571574%47%129,523130k46.502198%46.502198%47%45,06945.1k2046.356353%46.356353%46%44,49744.5k2145.596507%45.596507%46%83,74383.7k2245.311033%45.311033%45%134,185134k2344.899326%44.899326%45%48,94748.9k2444.253121%44.253121%44%75,99576.0k2544.033568%44.033568%44%103,681104k2643.920966%43.920966%44%48,57048.6k2743.845023%43.845023%44%142,317142k2843.778427%43.778427%44%59,77259.8k2943.635214%43.635214%44%505,284505k3042.704899%42.704899%43%243,397243k3142.097249%42.097249%42%42,57842.6k3241.903636%41.903636%42%42,52842.5k3340.358981%40.358981%40%62,73462.7k40.082441%40.082441%40%124,272124k3439.980031%39.980031%40%56,45956.5k3538.189131%38.189131%38%34,08834.1k37.246576%37.246576%37%83,94083.9k3636.604516%36.604516%37%64,33564.3k3736.376665%36.376665%36%60,91660.9k3836.331926%36.331926%36%94,68194.7k3936.297932%36.297932%36%120,985121k4035.230341%35.230341%35%41,36541.4k4134.824245%34.824245%35%76,94876.9k4234.614790%34.614790%35%116,386116k4333.880932%33.880932%34%46,34246.3k4433.644707%33.644707%34%61,87861.9k4531.944827%31.944827%32%38,28338.3k4627.610773%27.610773%28%65,84765.8k4726.805042%26.805042%27%41,50641.5k4824.844691%24.844691%25%68,70768.7k4924.253762%24.253762%24%58,79558.8k50
Count number of this household type
# rank of county subdivision out of 50 by percentage of this household type

Household Types by County Subdivision in the United States

There are 35,600 county subdivisions in the United States. This section compares the Big Rock Township to the 50 most populous county subdivisions in the United States and to those entities that contain or substantially overlap with the Big Rock Township. The least populous of the compared county subdivisions has a population of 547,300.

Married by County Subdivision#47

Percentage of households.
Scope: households in the Big Rock Township, selected other county subdivisions in the United States, and entities that contain the Big Rock Township
0%20%40%Count#HempsteadNW HarrisPlanoSan JoseE San Gabriel VlyNE TarrantSeattle EastAnaheim-Santa Ana-Gdn GrvAnaheim-Santa An…OntarioSalt Lk CityOceanside-EscondidoOceanside-Escond…San BernardinoWest South CentralArkansasUnited StatesSouthSan DiegoSan Fernando VlyLittle RockEl PasoFort WorthQueensTulsaSW DallasFresnoHoustonPhoenixNE DallasLas VegasTucsonSacramentoAlbuquerqueLong Bch-LakewoodPulaski1, CharlotteSeattleBig RockBrooklynSan Antonio CntrlTampaAustinOrlandoSan FranciscoMiamiDenverLos AngelesChicagoColumbusAtlantaPhiladelphiaMilwaukeeBronxManhattanBostonWashingtonBaltimoreDetroit59.227510%59.227510%59%143,160143k158.970655%58.970655%59%147,784148k258.722970%58.722970%59%117,480117k356.155513%56.155513%56%329,032329k456.150060%56.150060%56%148,431148k556.136383%56.136383%56%114,905115k655.866645%55.866645%56%127,724128k755.452266%55.452266%55%270,876271k854.546020%54.546020%55%105,204105k953.538307%53.538307%54%174,514175k1053.207769%53.207769%53%117,661118k1149.760860%49.760860%50%113,093113k1249.014411%49.014411%49%6,677,6906.68M48.823107%48.823107%49%557,306557k48.235831%48.235831%48%56,781,40556.8M47.955775%47.955775%48%21,151,03021.2M47.817936%47.817936%48%391,024391k1347.153157%47.153157%47%291,092291k1446.571574%46.571574%47%129,523130k45.596507%45.596507%46%83,74383.7k1545.311033%45.311033%45%134,185134k1644.870295%44.870295%45%349,676350k1744.033568%44.033568%44%103,681104k1843.845023%43.845023%44%142,317142k1943.733151%43.733151%44%97,82197.8k2043.635214%43.635214%44%505,284505k2143.280242%43.280242%43%495,480495k2242.704899%42.704899%43%243,397243k2342.324971%42.324971%42%280,852281k2442.304475%42.304475%42%146,684147k2542.251822%42.251822%42%172,308172k2640.600191%40.600191%41%102,077102k2740.380940%40.380940%40%80,07580.1k2840.358981%40.358981%40%62,73462.7k40.082441%40.082441%40%124,272124k2938.976276%38.976276%39%171,519172k3038.189131%38.189131%38%34,08834.1k37.611831%37.611831%38%353,101353k3137.246576%37.246576%37%83,94083.9k3236.331926%36.331926%36%94,68194.7k3336.297932%36.297932%36%120,985121k3434.824245%34.824245%35%76,94876.9k3534.723947%34.723947%35%123,894124k3634.614790%34.614790%35%116,386116k3733.868546%33.868546%34%95,19595.2k3833.396359%33.396359%33%312,631313k3932.670426%32.670426%33%340,615341k4032.461440%32.461440%32%108,156108k4127.610773%27.610773%28%65,84765.8k4227.583532%27.583532%28%160,700161k4327.580768%27.580768%28%63,65263.7k4427.543506%27.543506%28%135,167135k4527.118406%27.118406%27%204,306204k4626.857136%26.857136%27%69,64769.6k4724.844691%24.844691%25%68,70768.7k4824.253762%24.253762%24%58,79558.8k4920.285620%20.285620%20%52,13152.1k50
Count number of this household type
# rank of county subdivision out of 50 by percentage of this household type

Definitions

According to the US Census definition, a household consists of all the people who occupy a housing unit. This page reports on the types of households in the Big Rock Township. The following definitions are used in this page:

  • Family: a group of two or more people related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together
  • Married: a husband and wife that are part of the same household1
  • Single Female: female householder, no husband present, with other family members in the household
  • Single Male: male householder, no wife present, with other family members in the household
  • One Person: householder living alone
  • Other Non-Family: householder living with other people that are not family members

1as defined by the US Census Bureau (please direct comments and complaints to them)

For additional information about the data presented on this site, including our sources, please see the About Page.

More Topics to Explore

Demographics

Income

Education

More Maps to Explore

State:
Arkansas
County:
Pulaski
Metro Area:
Little Rock Area
Cities:
Alexander, Cammack Village, Little Rock, Wrightsville
Unincorporated Places:
College Station, Hensley, Landmark, Natural Steps, Roland, Sweet Home, Woodson
ZIP Codes:
72002, 72016, 72046, 72065, 72103, 72117, 72122, 72126, 72135, 72201, 72202, 72204, 72205, 72206, 72207, 72209, 72210, 72211, 72212, 72223, 72227
Unified School Districts:
East End, Little Rock, Pulaski County
Neighborhoods:
65th St. West, Big Dickinson Lake, Boyle Park, Briarwood, Capitol View-Stifft Station, Central High, Chicot West I-30 So., Cloverdale Watson, Downtown CBD, Downtown Neighborhood, East of I-30, Heights, Hillcrest, John Barrow, Medical Center, Midtown, Oak Forest, Otter Creek Crystal, Reservoir, River Mountain, Riverdale, Rock Creek, Sandpiper, Sandpiper West, South End, South Geyer Springs, Stephens, Upper Baseline, Wakefield, Walnut Valley, West Markham, Westwood-Pecan Lake
Congressional District:
AR-2
State Senate Districts:
AR-15, AR-30, AR-31, AR-32, AR-33
State House Districts:
AR-27, AR-29, AR-30, AR-31, AR-32, AR-33, AR-34, AR-35, AR-36
Neighboring Townships:
Banner, Barraque, Beaver, Benedict, Bolivar, Bryant, Danley, Hill, Holland, Maumelle, Otter, Owen, Rankin, Simpson, Wye
Nearby Townships:
Bauxite, Hurricane, Kentucky, Newcomb, Pine Mountain, Salem, Shaw, Smith, Union, Wilson